This section lists strikes divided into four categories. The first consists of those strikes that are clearly and solely political strikes. These are strikes for matters entirely beyond regular employee-employer and workplace concerns. They are caused by specific events outside of the workplace, put direct pressure on the government for policy and legislation changes or are clearly a protest against government forces and government policy. The second category consists of those strikes that may involve workplace issues such as wages but have a large political component. In this category, for example, are strikes that began as part of collective bargaining but grew to include protests against government intervention. The third category is made up of strikes that are broadly political and are largely about workplace issues. This section includes smaller scale strikes for union recognition and collective bargaining. The fourth category consists of those strikes that may be called political because they indicate worker solidarity and have political consequences.

1850-3 Railway workers in New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario struck to protest rising inflation. (Palmer, “Experience,” 87)

1872 Hamilton-based General Strike for the nine-hour day and for the state to recognize trade unions as legal entities. Spread to Brantford, Wilson Bowman, Stratford, London, Oshawa, St. Catherines, Sarnia, Ingersol, Guelph, Brockville and Kingston in Ontario and Montreal and Halifax (Palmer, “Political Protest” 3; Morton, 22; Palmer, “Experience,” 106-8; Forsey, 40, 57, 100-101).

1903 Four month CPR strike started at end of February. Frank Rogers shot by company thugs while picketing. Workers walked out to protest violence against pickets and union organizers. UBRE called an illegitimate union in government report on the dispute. (Morton, 82, Palmer, “Experience,” 174-5; Phillips, 41; Robin, 72-3)

1917-1918 Large numbers of western workers (particularly in mining) took strike action against rampant inflation and many others acted in sympathy strikes. (Palmer, “Experience” 188; Robin, 154-5; Fudge and Tucker, 93-4).

1918 Drumheller Alberta coal miners walked out in a general strike when Mounties directed a battery of machine guns at them. (Fudge and Tucker, 98; Palmer, “Experience,” 224-5; Seager and Roth, 250).

1918 Vancouver workers, including longshoremen, street railway workers, metal trades, construction workers and service unions, walked out in a one-day general strike to respond to the death of union organizer Albert “Ginger” Goodwin under suspicious circumstances, and to protest the state’s response to anti conscriptionists. While resisting the draft, Goodwin was shot by a constable. On the day of Goodwin’s funeral, many workers in Cumberland, BC, stopped work to attend his funeral. (Montero, 4-7; Palmer, “Political Protest” 5, Fudge and Tucker 100; Palmer, “Experience,” 200; Seager and Roth, 250; Phillips, 73; Robin, 151- 2)

1920 Halifax waitresses struck for a provincial minimum wage. (McKay and Morton, 58).

1941 Four hundred pot men at the Aluminum Company plant at Arvida stopped work and occupied the factory for one day, in a protest against restrictions on strike activity. (Fudge and Tucker, 251)

1946 Strikes were held to break wage freezes imposed by federal government during war and continued afterward. See IWA, May, BC; CSU, May & June, Ontario & PQ; UTW, May/ June-, Montreal & Valleyfield; UE, February-April, July-November, Phillips Cables, Hamilton; Steelworkers, Summer, Sault Ste. Marie and Sydney; UR, June-October, Ontario (Morton, 190-3). This activity extended into 1947 (Morton 194-5).

1949 Strike among asbestos workers organized into the CCCL in Quebec to protest, in part, the operation of foreign business in Quebec, and to protest war profiteering (and lack of wage increases). Strike continued after it was declared illegal by the provincial government and its leaders were arrested. (Morton 199-200)

1960 Residential construction workers in Toronto struck illegally to protest lax regulation of their industry. (Jamieson, 409) 1961 Residential construction workers in Toronto struck illegally again to protest lax regulation of their industry. (Jamieson, 409) 

1963 & 1964 Quebec teachers walked out in defiance of a no strike law for teachers, which prompted the provincial government to make legal provisions allowing teachers to strike. (Morton 260)

1963 Quebec hospital workers walk out to protest the new Labour Code, which made no provision for unions or strikes for public service workers (Palmer, “Experience,” 260).

1965 BC ILWU members stopped work on holidays newly recognized in federal Labour Code to protest employers’ noncompliance with new legislation. (Stanton, 133-48)

1966 Montreal Longshoremen struck illegally on April 19 to protest harbour police ticketing their cars and Expo 67 wage levels. On May 9, they went out again and many other ports along the St. Lawrence (Quebec, Trois-Rivieres) went out as well. They stayed out until June 14 when the federal government negotiated a settlement. (Morton, 251-3, Jamieson 437))

1973 108,000 Ontario teachers left their classrooms to protest new provincial legislation that provided compulsory arbitration as the sole method of dispute resolution open to them. (Morton 298)

1973 National railway strike turned into a protest against back to work legislation. When Parliament ordered railway workers back to work on September 1, it took until September 11 for railways to be working again. When six members were charged with assault after a fracas at the Parliament Buildings, the members again threatened a strike, which resulted in the charges being withdrawn. (Morton 297)

1976 National Day of Protest. CLC claims that over a million workers walked out to protest federal government attempts to restrict collective bargaining (Benedict, 242).

1976 Construction workers struck at Montreal’s Olympic facilities to register the labour movement’s unhappiness with Cliche Inquiry’s proposals. (Morton 291-2)

1981 One hundred thousand people demonstrated on Parliament Hill to protest the federal government’s monetary policies. (Heron 153)

1982 Quebec government employees stopped work in a short general strike to protest government rolled back their right to strike, froze existing contracts, demanded wage reductions of 19.5%, eliminated job security for many and protection of working conditions. (Heron, 114)

1983 BC Solidarity movement stages an escalating general strike involving tens of thousands to protest government’s recession policies (Palmer, “Experience,” 323).

1986 Thousands of Newfoundland workers walked off the job to protest new limits on their right to strike. 

1987 The Labour Council in Elliot Lake, ON, threatened a general strike if an anesthetist was not brought to the town. (Heron 150) 

1988 Alberta Nurses struck to protest legislation against strikes in hospitals (Haiven, 218).

1911-1914 Trades and Labour Council of Canada regularly passed resolutions for a general strike directed at the state to take an anti-war stand (Palmer, “Political Protest”, Fudge and Tucker, 91-2; Palmer, “Experience,” 199).

1916-1917 Western labour groups repeatedly call for and memberships vote for a general strike if conscription is implemented (Robin, 122-132).

1917 Toronto machinists threatened a general strike to protest conscription (Naylor, 150).

1918 Stratford workers threatened a general strike to protest police charges against one worker for possessing banned (radical) literature (Fudge and Tucker, 102; Naylor, 150).

1918 Windsor workers threatened a general strike when the army came to defend strikebreakers (Naylor, 150).

1963 Quebec federation of labour talked of a general strike to protest Quebec’s new Labour Code, which made no provision for unions in Civil Service (Palmer, “Experience,” 196).

1983 Social Affairs Federation in Quebec talks about a general strike to protest government recession policy (Palmer, “Experience,” 322). 

1845 Montreal carpenters struck for freedom “from oppression” (Palmer, “Experience” 80).

1874 Pelee Island members of the Journeymen Stonecutters struck against the “’system of tyranny’” of capitalism (Forsey, 60).

1918 Association of Letter Carriers walked out to protest an unsympathetic and unapproachable government in a national strike that hit twenty cities. Labour councils in Vancouver, Regina, Victoria, Saskatoon, Winnipeg and Moose Jaw organized sympathetic general strike votes but the federal government intervened with concessions before they could act. (Fudge and Tucker 99; Palmer, “Experience,” 196; Heron and Siemiatycki, “Great War”, 34; Mitchell and Naylor, 181, 197)

1919 In May and June, Toronto workers held a general sympathy strike with metal trades workers in Winnipeg. 17,000 workers struck (Naylor, 151-2).

1935 On May 1, Vancouver longshoremen called a 24-hour work holiday to join that year’s May Day parade, which included about 15,000 participants, many of whom came out to support a strike by relief camp workers. (Phillips, 103, 106; Jamieson 87)

1840s Irish canal workers walked off the job because state Board of Works did not provide adequate housing conditions, health services or adequate pay in a timely manner. Instead, magistrates, police and troops sent to restore order. Between 1820 and 1846, canallers struck at least 20 times to protest their conditions (Morton, 10; Palmer, “Experience” 61-2, 88).

1867 A three month Quebec Ship Carpenters strike that started over wages turned into a dispute over right to belong to a union after the arbitrating Board of Trade required members to sign “the document.” After one man was killed and nineteen were arrested, the strikers added a protest against military intervention in strikes to their agenda (Forsey, 80).

1872 Ten thousand people in Toronto leave work to attend a demonstration in support of a nine-hour day. Speakers also discuss monopolies, the monetary system, general education, the co-operative movement, among other topics. Four thousand attend a demonstration in April for 24 leaders of the Typographic Union when they are charged with seditious conspiracy (Morton, 24; Jamieson 14; Logan, 38-41; Forsey 97-100).

1885 Canadian Pacific Railway workers struck in Rocky Mountains to protest the Liberal government, which did not legislate safety precautions, healthy conditions and timely pay. (Morton 48)

1890-2 Saint John, N.B., workers strike for a nine-hour day, starting with the building trades, but extending to ship carpenters, plumbers, tinsmiths, street labourers, boilermakers, quarrymen, iron moulders, brass moulders, carriage workers, gas house workers, cabinet-makers and upholsterers, brushmakers and millmen (Forsey, 302).

1889 White Fraser River fishermen struck to limit competition over government-issued licenses from US and Japanese immigrants and First Nations people, and for higher prices. (Phillips, 23)

1899-1903 Series of mine workers strikes in the Kootenay region (including Rossland, Nelson, and Slocan) to strengthen their demand for an eight-hour/day law, limits on the employment of Japanese and Chinese miners and engineers, protest discrimination against union members and support fellow Western Federation of Miners workers in the US. (Phillips, 33; Forsey, 170-4)

1900 After 200 Valleyfield, Quebec cotton mill members of Federal Labor Union 7387 walked out for a week to gain a 25-cent raise, the employer convinced the Montreal militia to suppress the strike, 3,000 mill operators from the area walked out to protest the militia’s presence. (Morton, 77; Palmer, “Experience” 174; Forsey, 285)

1906 Sawmill workers in Buckingham, PQ, struck after the employer refused voluntary conciliation and later brought in special police, then militia and troops, to protect strikebreakers. (Fudge and Tucker, 49)

1907 Western Federation of Miners struck silver mines in Cobalt, ON, to protest employer’s disrespect for eight-hour legislation, and government’s support for the employer. Other issues in the strike were recognition of their union and right to picket. The strike was illegal under the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20, 76-7; Logan, 160)

1907 Toronto’s Bell Telephone workers struck to protest long hours, and demand government regulation of work  hours (Morton, 89-90, Palmer, “Experience,” 173).

1907 District 18 of the United Mine Workers of America struck for union recognition, repeal of the open shop, and in defiance of federal government’s new Industrial Disputes Legislation. (Phillips, 47)

1908 CPR shop trade workers struck after employer refused to abide by resolution of the Industrial Dispute Investigation. (Logan, 147)

1907-16 Freight handlers repeatedly struck, often spontaneously, to protest high-handed treatment by management, and detrimental changes in wages. The majority were in Fort William and Port Arthur, and the strikes often involved work stoppages to protest introduction of military into the dispute. (Fudge and Tucker, 66-7)

1909 United Mine Workers of America called out members at three coal operators in Nova Scotia to protest discrimination against its members and activists by Conciliation Board and employers, and to reaffirm right to picket. Workers stayed out for 22 months (Fudge and Tucker 59, 71-4; Palmer, “Experience,” 171-2).

1910 Work stoppage at Grand Trunk Railway by the Order of Railway Conductors and the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen to protest firing of workers who followed provisions of the Industrial Dispute Investigation Act. (Morton 90; Fudge and Tucker, 62-5)

1912 In September, three thousand miners at Canadian Collieries Cumberland and Extension mines went on holiday to protest discrimination against union members, safety conditions, employer’s disregard for human life, and immigration laws. In April/May 1913, UMWA extended the strike throughout the District and an additional 3,700 miners walked out. Another issue in the strike was government refusal to intervene in the dispute, and right to collective bargaining (Fudge and Tucker, 75-6, Palmer, “Experience,” 174; Phillips, 56-7; Robin, 151).

1912 In BC’s Fraser Valley, CN railway members of the Industrial Workers of the World struck to protest unhealthy conditions, non-compliance with legislated regulations, and the BC government’s campaign to remove the IWW from the province. One month after the Fraser Valley dispute ended, IWW workers on the Grand Trunk Pacific struck for one month against unhealthy conditions. (Phillips, 52-4; Fudge and Tucker, 68-9)

1917 Unskilled construction workers in Winnipeg struck and in the process protested for union recognition and against inflation. Another issue was the right of foreignborn workers to participate in unions. (Fudge and Tucker, 94)

1918 Toronto and Montreal police and fire fighters struck to establish their right to do so (Fudge and Tucker 105).

1919 Crows Nest Pass miners left the United Mine Workers, joined the One Big Union and struck, in part to articulate the right to belong to the union of their own choosing. Over 6,200 employees stopped work at 41 firms. (Robin, 190) 

1919-20 Members of the IWA struck to protest lax enforcement of the eight-hour day legislation of 1898. (Logan 281)

1922 Miners in Glace Bay, NS, struck to protest the refusal by the employer, Besco, to comply with the provisions of the Industrial Dispute Investigation Act and to protest the arrest and harsh sentences meted out to twelve of their members in the aftermath of a food riot at the closing of the company store. (Fudge and Tucker 125-6; Logan, 201)

1924 Ten thousand UMWA members in District 18 struck and suggested nationalization of the mines. They protested a 50% wage cut and international union leadership (Palmer, “Experience,” 225; Logan 196).

1936 Members of the United Textile Workers of America stopped work and occupied their factories at Cornwall and Welland, ON, to establish right to undertake that sort of tactic. United Auto Workers in Windsor did the same (Fudge and Tucker, 203).

1937 Minto, New Brunswick coal miners organized under the United Mine Workers Association walked out in a general strike to protest the government’s refusal to intervene in their labour dispute. (Fudge and Tucker, 215)

1937-8 Lime workers organized in the Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union at Blubber Bay, BC struck for eleven months for recognition and an end to discrimination against union members by employers and the law. (Fudge and Tucker, 222-3; Phillips 116-7)

1938 Relief camp workers stopped work to protest conditions in government camps and occupied a number of buildings. (Jamieson, 90; Phillips119) 

1938 Canadian Seamen’s Union members enacted a general strike on the Great Lakes for recognition. (Logan 290) 

1940 UAW pickets at Chrysler Plant in Windsor challenged new anti-loitering law used against pickets. Law was soon changed (Fudge and Tucker, 231-2).

1941 Employees at Canadian General Electric in Toronto declared a work holiday after the employer refused to recognize the union and to negotiate with them. This act was in contravention of PC 2685, and thus challenged the legitimacy of the law. (Fudge and Tucker, 249; Logan 276-7)

1941 Steel Workers Organizing Committee members at Dominion Steel and Coalsubsidiary Peck Rolling Mills stopped work for two months to protest government implementation of wage controls based on 1926-29 period (Morton, 171; Fudge and Tucker, 237, 258; Logan, 259).

1941 After one strike, and government interference in negotiations, Hamilton National Steel Car Company workers organized by SWOC stopped work a second time to protest government intervention on the side of the employer and to demand a more conciliatory controller. (Morton 171; Logan, 263-5)

1943 Thirteen thousand steelworkers in Ontario and Nova Scotia struck in protest of federal wage policy and restrictions on their right to strike. (Fudge and Tucker, 263, 265-66; Logan 261)

1947 Strike by 14,000 meat packers caused by failure of effective industrial-relations mechanisms. (McInness, 105)

1948 Asbestos workers in Eastern Townships Quebec struck for seven months after the government declared the strike illegal, in part to protest the authoritarian Duplessis regime. (Jamieson, 34-8, 91; Morton, 198-200)

1950 Railway workers walked out on August 22 for industrial demands and were branded unpatriotic because their action didn’t support the Korean War. Strike was ended in early September by federal government legislation. However, it took a number of days for employees to return to work. (Stanton, 160, Jamieson, 333- 8, McInness, 188-9)

1952 CCCL struck Dupuis Fréres grocery stores to show that they felt labour concerns were more important than Quebec nationalist concerns. (Morton, 219) 

1953? United Steelworker members struck in Murdochville, P.Q., after their leaders were fired, over years of grievances and pay claims. The Duplessis government reacted strongly and violently, bringing in provincial police. Other sections of the labour movement became involved as they realized the lengths the government was willing to go to stop unions, even ones acting legally. One union leader characterized the government response as a menace to the whole legal system and workers rights. The workers lost the strike. (Morton 228, Jamieson, 360-6)

1962 ILA and Teamsters refuse to handle “hot” materials from striking Seamen’s International Union at Upper Lakes Shipping Co. (Jamieson, 411) 

1964 ITU struck three major Toronto daily newspapers in sympathy with members of the Mailers’ union, who were striking to gain better working conditions and good faith negotiations. When, in the spring of 1965, ITU members voted to go back to work, the employers refused to take back twenty-seven strikers, the union declared this a lockout and stayed out until the early 1970s. (Jamieson, 415-7)

1965 A strike by BC oil refinery workers threatened to turn into a general strike when it spread to Shell employees on the prairies. BC strikers conducted secondary picketing at the Columbia Dam construction site and effectively stopped construction for a few days. (Jamieson, 418-22)

1965 Montreal postal workers walked out to protest political patronage as well as low wages, poor working conditions, and right for civil servants to engage in recognized collective bargaining. The strike soon spread to Vancouver, Toronto and other cities. (Morton 260-1)

1969 Three thousand Montreal police stopped work for a “study session” in defiance of no-strike laws, and are joined by more than 2,000 firefighters and a number of radical taxi drivers. (Morton 283)

1972 On March 28, the Common Front (group of unions bargaining together) in Quebec staged a one-day general strike in dispute with provincial government. On April 10, union orders a full-scale walk out. (Palmer, “Experience,” 289; Jamieson 99)

1972 In May, a week long-strike wave broke out in Quebec when Centrale de l’enseignement du Quebec leaders were sentenced to one year in prison for defying a back to work injunction in strike earlier in the year. (Guntzel, 103; Morton, 289; Jamieson 99)

1972 Northern Ontario miners conducted a wildcat strike to protest unsafe working conditions and lax regulation of the health and safety of workers. The provincial government struck a Royal Commission to look into the issue and new regulations were put in place as a result of the strike. (Heron 149)

1982 Autoworkers in Oshawa occupied the Houdaille plant, which prompted the provincial government to improve severance legislation. (Heron 153-4)

1985 Four hundred pulp and paper workers in Prince Albert, SK, walked off the job to support a fellow union member who had refused to work in an asbestoscontaminated area. In 1986, Toronto sewer workers and Oakville auto workers struck to protest hazardous working conditions. In 1987, three thousand McDonnell Douglas Aircraft workers left work to protest being asked to work with toxic chemicals that had been shown to damage their health. Cumulatively, these strikes led to national legislation requiring that workers be informed of what types of materials they are working with (HazMat). (Heron 150)

1918 Vancouver and Victoria electrical and streetcar workers strike threatened to become a general strike (Phillips, 73).

1883 District Assembly 45 (Brotherhood of Telegraphers) engaged in a continent-wide, one-month strike against the monopoly of telegraph companies and the unequal distribution of wealth under capitalism, including twelve hundred Canadian telegraphers. Important issues in the strike were the abolition of Sunday work, the eight-hour day and seven-hour night, and equal pay for men and women, as well as a wage increase. (Palmer, “Experience” 143-144; Morton, 39; Forsey, 139-41)

1918 Winnipeg strike by city employees (started with electrical workers) led to sympathy strike by fourteen to seventeen thousand workers, public and private, including city water workers, fire fighters, railway shop workers, railway carriers and teamsters. The goal of the strikes was to protest city autocracy in denying civic workers collective bargaining rights in what was ostensibly a democracy. (Morton 115; Mitchell and Naylor, 180; Robin, 155-6)

1918 Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees threatened a general strike in support of striking Calgary freight handlers, who were acting in defiance of a federal ban on strikes. Calgary civic workers, street railway workers and teamsters and CPR shopworkers in Alberta and Saskatchewan walked out in sympathy. In response to federal legislation aimed at coercing labour leaders and organizers into peace and the arrest of five strike leaders for defying the strike ban, the Winnipeg Trades and Labour Council took a successful general strike vote. (Fudge and Tucker, 101-2; Mitchell and Naylor, 182, 195)

1919 Montreal Sympathy/General Strike started after Toronto but quickly spread. Francophone trade union leadership supported a general strike in part to protest trusteeship model at City Hall, dominated by Anglophone financiers. (Ewen, 102- 3, 110-2, 116)

1919 Ten thousand Vancouver sympathy strikers stayed out until about July 4, to protest arrests of Winnipeg strike leaders. Other demands included: right to collective bargaining, generally, six-hour day in all industries suffering unemployment, better pensions and allowances for servicemen, and nationalization of food storage to eliminate hoarding. (Phillips, 81)

1935 In May, longshoremen at Vancouver, Nanaimo, Chemainus, Port Alberni, and Victoria refused to handle “hot” Powell River paper, in support of a strike there and to protest violent attacks on strikers by provincial police. (Phillips, 103-4)

1935 Relief camp inhabitants/workers stopped work to protest conditions in the camps and to convince the government to provide immediate relief for the strikers. Many of the same strikers hopped trains to bring their message to Ottawa (On to Ottawa Trek). Thousands join them along the way. (Palmer, “Experience,” 245; Phillips, 106-7; Jamieson 87)

1935 On April 25, all Vancouver waterfront workers struck for 1 hour to support a protest by relief camp workers (single unemployed men). (Phillips, 103)

1833-4 Montreal carpenters and joiners strike to secure a 10-hr day (Forsey, 16).

1836 Members of the Toronto Typographic Union struck master printers for a 10-hour day and restrictions on the number of apprentices. (Morton, 13-14; Palmer, “Experience” 58)

1852 Toronto tailors struck over introduction of machines and female operatives. (Palmer, “Experience,” 87; Logan, 29)

1854 Hamilton Shoemakers Trade Union Society struck and nine charged for refusing to work for a particular firm. (Forsey, 17)

1855 Grand Trunk Railway workers struck for a nine-hour day. (Palmer, “Experience” 89)

1864 St. John Caulkers Association struck for several months for a nine-hour day. (Forsey, 67-8)

1866 Quebec City Ship Labourers Benevolent Society stopped work for three weeks when employer ignored their list of minimum wage rates. (Forsey, 79) 

1866-67 London members of the National Union of Iron Molders walked out for nine months after being asked to promise to renounce union membership. (Forsey, 39) 

1868 Journeymen Bakers Society of Halifax struck for three weeks for a reduced, twelve-hour day, from over sixteen hours/day. (Forsey, 63)

1871 Halifax Knights of Saint Crispin struck William Taylor and Co. for one month after the employer refused to reinstate one of their members. (Forsey, 36)

1871 Toronto Knights of Saint Crispin struck Damer and King for more than four months, after the employer refused to discharge a number of young workers it had hired without union permission, refused to recognize union of female workers and insisted employees enter through a muddy back lane. (Forsey, 35)

1874 Moulders at Novelty Works in Brockville struck for right to belong to a union. (Forsey, 42)

1874 Saint John Millmen’s Association struck for two weeks for right to belong to a union without discrimination. (Forsey, 68-70)

1879 Four Brockville members of the National Union of Iron Molders at Smart and Shepard Co. were locked out for membership in union. (Forsey, 43)

1879 Stonecutters in Beamsville and Queenston Heights in Ontario struck for four months to protest discharging union members and requirement to work with nonunionists. (Forsey, 89)

1884 Victoria bricklayers struck for two months for a nine-hour day. Knights of Labor Carpenters in Victoria struck for a nine-hour day as well. (Forsey, 190; Phillips, 17)

1886 Toronto street railway workers struck for the right to belong to a union in spring and summer. (Palmer, “Experience” 144; Forsey, 148-152; Logan 74)

1886 Peterborough Iron Moulders in Knights of Labour LA 5402 struck over discrimination against members. (Forsey, 254)

1887 Toronto employees of Heintzman Piano Co. struck for seven weeks after three elderly, and, later, one union leader, were fired. (Forsey, 154)

1890 Coal miners struck on Vancouver Island for union recognition and an eight-hour day. (Logan, 74)

1891-2 Ottawa and Hull lumber mill workers affiliated with the Knights of Labor struck for one month over wage rollback and ten hour day, and received support from other mill workers in area. (Forsey, 157-161)

1892 ITU struck the Presbyterian for five months to protest management’s declaration of an open shop and use of female workers on machines. (Forsey, 203)

1893 Strike by Working Women’s Protective Association at Toronto’s A.R. Clarke & Co. glove factory was used as a platform to advocate for factory reform law and votes for women. It lasted about three months (Forsey, 329-30).

1899 Members of the Laster’s Union in Montreal struck Whitman’s against a dismissal of a union member. They also struck Lynch’s for hiring non-unionists from the USA. (Forsey, 374)

1899 In Montreal, iron Moulders local 21 (596 workers) struck thirteen shops for a month for union recognition from the employers’ association. (Forsey 250)

1899 In Winnipeg, local 35 of the United Garment Workers in Winnipeg struck Emerson and Hagues after the employer refused to bargain and discharged the union committee. (Forsey, 267)

1900 The Iron Moulders Union struck Massey-Harris in Toronto and Brantford, ON, for recognition of their union and their right to picket, and to protest new technology and employer’s refusal to offer new machine work to union members. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20; Forsey, 251)

1900-1 South Wellington miners extended strike against Dunsmuir Collieries when employer refused to take back union officers and stop discriminating against union members. (Forsey 366-7)

1901 Members of the International Watch Case Engravers Union at the American Watch Case Co. struck for two weeks after the shop union representative was discharged to protest discrimination against the union. (Forsey 282)

1901 Vancouver Island miners struck to protest employers’ disregard for new eight hour law. (Robin, 53)

1901 Vancouver and New Westminster Shipwrights and Caulkers Association struck Cates Yard for three days to protest introduction of non-union workers, employer contravention of the Alien Labour Act, and to advocate for shorter days and higher wages. (Forsey, 342)

1901 Ottawa members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners struck for one month for minimum wage, among other issues. (Forsey, 195)

1901-2 Four month CPR strike by the Brotherhood of Railway Trackmen started in May to support demands for a grievance procedure, seniority rights, and no discrimination against union members, among other issues. (Forsey, 180-2)

1902 Stove Mounters and Steel Range Workers International Union members in Toronto struck for four months when the employer refused to recognize union membership of two men, and thus their right to belong to the union without discrimination. (Forsey, 259)

1902 Toronto street railway workers struck for three weeks for union recognition, reinstatement of discharged union members, increased wages and provisions for union participation. (Forsey, 244-5)

1902 The American Federation of Musicians struck Grand Opera in London, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1902 The Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers Union struck Krug Furniture in Berlin, Ontario, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20) 

1902 The Iron Moulders Union stopped work at Gurney Foundry in Toronto, ON, for recognition of their union, right to picket and, later in the strike, to protest publication of blacklists. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20, 47)

1902 Members of the International Jewelry Workers Union struck two Toronto firms for two and half months after their union officers were discharged. (Forsey, 282)

1902 Bakers struck Paulin-Chambers in Winnipeg to protest the employer refusing to recognize female workers as members of the union. (Forsey, 270)

1902 Winnipeg UBRE members at CNR struck for two months for union recognition after a number of fellow members were discharged. (Forsey, 176-9)

1903 Miners in Cumberland, BC, formed a Western Federation of Miners local. Many were promptly dismissed and the union called a strike to protest discrimination against the union. (Phillips, 40)

1903 The Carriage Makers Union struck Dixon Carriage Works in Toronto, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1903 The Bricklayers and Mason’s Union struck Brauch, a contractor, in Berlin, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1903 The Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers Union struck Massey-Harris in Toronto ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1904 Sydney steelworkers at Dominion Iron and Steel Co. struck for union recognition, and to protest discrimination against union members. (Logan, 178; Morton 96)

1905 UMWA miners at Western Fuel Company at Nanaimo struck to encourage the employer to conform to eight-hour legislation of 1905. (Phillips, 43)

1905 The International Association of Machinists, and others, struck Grand Trunk Railway in Stratford, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19- 20)

1905 The Lithographers’ Union struck Hough Lithographing in Toronto, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1906 Nine month strike in Lethbridge, Alberta by UMWA miners to protest union busting in the coal industry by employers and state support of employers. (Morton, 88; Palmer, “Experience” 175-6; Fudge and Tucker, 53-4)

1906 The International Association of Machinists, and others, struck Vulcan Iron Works in Winnipeg for recognition of their union and right to picket. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1906 The International Iron Workers Union struck Canada Foundry in Port Arthur, ON, for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1906 The Journeyman Plumbers Union, and others, struck a group of master plumbers in Winnipeg for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1906 Westville, NS, members of the Provincial Workmen’s Association struck when they refused to work with non-members. (Logan, 179)

1907 Sydney, Bridgeport, and Springhill, NS, members of the Provincial Workmen’s Association struck when they refused to work with non-members. (Logan, 179)

1909 United Mine Workers of America struck the Cumberland Railway in Springhill, NS, and Dominion Coal in Glace Bay, NS, for recognition of their union, instead of the Provincial Workmen’s Association. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20; Logan, 186- 9)

1909 Western Federation of Miners at British Copper Co. in Greenwood, BC, struck for union recognition. (Fudge and Tucker, 60)

1911 Coal miners in Crow’s Nest Pass and Vancouver Island shut down industry in Interior of BC for union recognition and right to collective bargaining. (Phillips, 51; Logan 194-5)

1912 International Association of Machinists in Hamilton struck to protest employer’s refusal to follow government legislation for a fair wage clause and retaining a blacklist. (Morton 108)

1912 Gold workers in Porcupine ON struck illegally and in the process protested picketing restrictions and gained union recognition (Fudge and Tucker, 76-7, 87).

1913 Painters and Decorators Union in Winnipeg struck Morley & Sons and other employers for recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1916 Between 1,500 and 2,000 Hamilton members of the International Association of Machinists struck thirty munitions plants to protest the refusal by that city’s employers to conform to the recommendations of the Royal Commission. (Fudge and Tucker, 92; Palmer, “Experience,” 198)

1918 Newfoundland Industrial Workers Association struck for three months before gaining union recognition from employer, Reid Newfoundland. (Fudge and Tucker, 93)

1918 Five thousand Pictou County miners, steelworkers and car workers struck for union recognition. (McKay and Morton, 53)

1920 In a lockout at the Avon Hosiery Company in Stratford, ON, United Textile Workers of America members protested limits to picketing by exceeding the number of allowable pickets (Fudge and Tucker, 132).

1923 Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers struck twice at Besco’s Sydney mills for union recognition. (Fudge and Tucker, 126-7)

1925 Nova Scotia miners struck for union recognition and an end to discrimination against union members, higher wages and more job security. (Logan, 203-4)

1931 Loggers in the LWIU in BC struck for recognition. (Fudge and Tucker, 174)

1932 Loggers in the WUL in BC struck for recognition. (Phillips 102) 

1935 In March and April, Vancouver Grain Liners and the Export Log workers struck for recognition. (Phillips, 103)

1934 International Union of Needle Trades Workers called a general strike in Montreal and two thousand dress trade workers walked out. A few days, later five hundred male dress cutters walked out. (Fudge and Tucker, 182-3)

1936 Lumber and Sawmill Workers section of the carpenter’s union added recognition to their strike demands. (Phillips, 110)

1936 Three hundred workers at thirty-three Winnipeg fur manufacturers struck to protest lack of recognition for their union, the International Furriers’ Union. (Fudge and Tucker, 199)

1936 Members of the United Textile Workers of America stopped work and occupied their factories at Cornwall and Welland, ON, to establish right to undertake that sort of tactic. United Auto Workers in Windsor did the same. (Fudge and Tucker, 203)

1936 Seventy-five workers at Toronto’s Colonial Footwear Company stopped work and occupied the factory to protest firing of a member. (Fudge and Tucker, 206)

1937 Members of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Association at Dominion Textile and other textile companies in Quebec struck for recognition and a contract. (Fudge and Tucker, 204; Logan 226-7)

1937 Meat packers at Swift plant in Edmonton, AB, struck for union recognition. (Fudge and tucker, 220)

1937 Sixty members of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee at the Holmes Foundry in Point Edward, ON, stopped work for recognition, right to use sit-down tactics, and collective bargaining of a contract. (Fudge and Tucker, 206)

1937 Lodge 1064 of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee struck twice to enforce employer’s obligation to recognize the union and negotiate. (Fudge and Tucker, 218)

1937 Workers at GM plant in Oshawa stopped work for the right to a national agreement and to gain recognition of their union. (Fudge and Tucker, 208-10; Logan 234-5; Benedict 241; Jamieson, 88)

1937 Fifteen hundred mill workers and longshoremen from fourteen firms in New Brunswick stopped work to gain recognition for their union and perhaps to protest the ineffectiveness of the Fair Wage Board. (Fudge and Tucker, 214-5)

1938-9 Rubber workers struck at B.F. Goodrich in Kitchener, and at Humber Shoe Co. in Welland, ON, struck for union recognition and a collectively bargained agreement. (Fudge and Tucker, 210-1)

1942 Miners struck in Kirkland Lake to gain union recognition and right to collective bargaining. Strike later became a protest against government’s endorsement of employee committees over unions (Phillips, 129; Fudge and Tucker, 242, 253-5,

257; Logan, 162; McCrorie 24; Morton 184).

1943 Twenty-one thousand Montreal aircraft and metal trades workers at Canadair, Fairchild Aircraft and Noorduyn Aviation struck for two weeks for a functional industrial relations system. (McInnis, 118)

1943 Woodworkers and miners in BC, shipbuilders, and textile, garment, rubber, and packinghouse workers across the country struck to protest the federal wage policy and advocate for industry wide wages, compulsory collective bargaining, and union recognition. (Fudge and Tucker, 267-8)

1946 Steel workers went out in Sydney, Algoma, and Hamilton, in part to protest difference between wages and inflation and continued wartime measures on manufacturing, and in part to win union security, minimum wages and a fortyhour week. (Logan, 266-7; McInnis, 103 and Morton, 191-3)

1946 Canadian Seamen’s Union enacted a general strike on the Great Lakes to protest employers breaking the contract and an eight-hour day. (Logan 291-2; Guard 124; Jamieson, 91)

1946 Textile workers, organized in the United Textile Workers of America, in Ontario and Quebec struck for a forty-hour week. (Logan, 228; Guard 128) 

1946 Rubber, steel and electrical workers in southern Ontario struck for union security and industry wide collective agreements. (Fudge and Tucker, 287-90)

1953 Gaspé Copper Mines employees at Murdochville, PQ, struck (illegally) to protest the firing of the Steelworkers union president and many organizers. (Morton, 228)

3.2 Threatened strikes

1887 Near general strike of carpenters and building trades in Toronto and London for a minimum wage, shorter hours. (Forsey, 152, 184) 

1913 Workers in Nelson, BC, attempted to launch a general strike. (Robin, 151) 

1882 In April, Toronto wholesale boot and shoemakers struck in sympathy with the Female Boot and Shoe Fitters Association and the Ladies Boot and Shoe Fitters Association striking for a wage increase. Employers promised a uniform bill of wages and conditions in May, but fitters waited past October for the bill, and argued it was an issue of politics to make them wait over six months. (Forsey, 325-6)

1886-9 Other workers joined Cornwall, Merrittown and Milltown cotton mill workers in a mass strike for union recognition, and humane living and working conditions, as well as higher wages. (Palmer, “Experience” 144)

1889 Ayr local of the Iron Moulders struck after the whole membership was discharged. (Forsey 248-9)

1889 Central Press Agency employees, members of the International Typographer’s Union, struck for three months after the Agency fired its union employees and refused to hire from the union. (Forsey, 202)

1889 Twenty-eight Quebec City Shoe Lasters at Polley’s factory struck for more than a month after being asked to agree to disavow their union. Fifteen other firms locked out their employees and the work stoppage continued for more than a month. Three strikers sued Polley’s for blacklisting them after the strike was over. (Forsey 310)

1889 Miners at Drummond Colliery in Westville, N.S., struck for a few weeks in sympathy with Mechanics and Engineers Association strike against giving work to non-union men in a time of rampant unemployment. (Forsey, 298)

1891 Ottawa dock- and shipping-yard workers struck in sympathy with mill workers fighting a wage roll back and for a shorter day. (Forsey, 158).

1894 St. Catherine’s barber’s union struck May 10 in sympathy with carpet weavers strike. (Forsey, 336)

1895 ITU struck the Toronto Type Foundry for one month to become a union shop. (Forsey, 204)

1895-7 Toronto tailors at nine firms refused to work with non-union hands and are locked out for about two years. (Forsey, 260-1)

1898 Winnipeg American Railway Union members struck in sympathy with the Pullman strike. (Forsey, 176)

1900 After International Typographers’ Union members at one paper were locked out after refusing to work with a non-union printer. Three other papers struck in sympathy. (Forsey, 218)

1945 Rossland members of the Western Federation of Miners struck to protest discrimination against union members at Le Roi mines. Not only did WFM members stop work at the offending mines, one in Northport and two owned by Le Roi, they also stopped work in sympathy at other organized mines in the area. The strike also contested the limits of picketing. After the strike, the legislature amended the trade union act. (Robin, 54; Phillips 33-4; Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1902 Halifax fish handlers, coal heavers and coopers walk out in sympathy with longshoremen attempting to reestablish power on the waterfront. (Morton 77)

1903 Vancouver sailors and longshoremen, telegraph deliverers, and teamsters in Calgary, Revelstoke machinists, clerks, freight handlers and Nelson Railway workers, as well as UBRE members in other cities, walk out in sympathy with CPR workers. Members of the Western Federation of Miners, affiliated with the United Brotherhood of Railway Employees at the CPR, walked out in sympathy in Dunsmuir’s Ladysmith and Union Mines. Building and iron trades workers, bakers and the Vancouver Trades and Labour Congress participate in boycott. (Palmer, “Experience” 175; Phillips, 39-40; Robin, 71)

1906 Mill workers at all Dominion Textile Company mills struck in sympathy after the members at the Hochelaga mill were asked to sign “yellow dog” contracts. (Fudge and Tucker, 80).

1910 & 1912 Widespread sympathy strikes by garment workers in Toronto and Montreal. Same workers held large demonstrations against legal harassment of strike supporters. (Fudge and Tucker 82).

1917 General strike in men’s clothing industry in Montreal. (Fudge and Tucker, 94; Logan 215)

1937 Workers at Gainers and Burns and laundry workers struck in support of meatpackers’ strike at the Swift plant in Edmonton, AB. (Fudge and Tucker, 220) 

1945 Local 195 walks out in support of Local 200 autoworkers at Ford in Windsor. Ford workers struck for union security (dues check-off). (Logan, 239; McInnis, 101; Morton, 184-6; Jamieson, 91)

1945-6 In May and June, Southam chain newspaper workers in Hamilton, Edmonton, Ottawa and Vancouver struck in sympathy with Winnipeg workers who were striking for recognition of the laws of their union. (Logan, 114-5; McInnis, 102)

1871 Brantford (in June and July) and Hamilton (in May) members of the Cigar Makers union struck to enforce regulations for number and work of apprentices. (Forsey, 55-6)

1875 Journeymen Stonecutters Association of Thorold struck for three months for an eight-hour day and against a wage-reduction. (Forsey, 60)

1879 Saint John’s members of the ITU struck the Daily Sun to protest the discharge of the father of the union chapel. (Forsey, 206)

1886 Hamilton Bakers LA 2156 struck for more than a month for shorter (nine hour) day, day-work, apprentice training system and restriction on number of apprentices/shop. (Forsey, 154)

1887 In a strike for higher wages, London, ON, bricklayers used pickets to protest use of strikebreakers. (Forsey, 186)

1889 Vancouver Amalgamated Carpenters, Vancouver Cabinetmakers and Victoria Cabinetmakers struck for the nine-hour day. (Phillips, 18)

1890 Nanaimo Miners’ and Mine Labourers’ Protective Association struck for almost a year for the eight-hour day. (Phillips, 20; Logan, 74; Forsey 365))

1890 Ontario bricklayers struck for the 9-hour day. (Forsey, 187; Logan 49) 

1890-1 Series of iron moulder strikes in Ontario over wages and work conditions (Forsey, 249)

1892 Saint John ITU members at the Progress struck for more than a year after the employer refused to discharge two female non-union compositors. During the strike, pickets discouraged potential employees from joining the firms. (Forsey, 208-9)

1894 St. Catherine’s carpet weavers strike for a shorter day and higher pay. They are later organized as the St.Catherine’s Carpet Weavers Local 1. (Forsey, 337) 

1898 Rockland, ON, mill workers struck for nine months for shorter hours, consistent pay scales, payment in cash and higher pay. (Forsey 338)

1898-1902 Printers, in conjunction with carpenters, struck for shorter hours. (Logan, 107)

1899 Vancouver printers at the World newspaper struck for two days, after a union member was discharged, to protest the arbitrary style of management. (Forsey, 221)

1899 Streetway union division 121 of St. Thomas struck for two days to protest the discharge of union members. (Forsey, 243)

1900 Montreal cigar makers stopped work for six days at Grothé and Hirsch for an eight-hour day and respect for agreement on number of apprentices. (Forsey, 235)

1900 Brantford Weavers struck for three days after the president of their local was dismissed. Strike called off when he found work elsewhere. (Forsey, 336)

1901 Ottawa members of the Amalgamated Woodworkers struck for one month for a nine-hour day and wage increase. (Forsey, 271)

1901 Ottawa Machinists struck for four and a half months for a 9-hour day. (Forsey, 257; Logan 126)

1902 Carriage and Wagon Workers in Toronto struck for seven weeks for a shorter work week. (Forsey, 276)

1902 Series of strikes by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver for reduced hours and increased pay. (Forsey, 279-80)

1902 International Jewelry Workers Union in Toronto struck for about six weeks in the spring for recognition of the union and reduced hours. In September, they struck again for shorter hours and more pay. This time they were out for three weeks. (Forsey, 282)

1902 Three hundred textile workers at the Toronto Carpet Manufacturing Co. struck for two months to protest introduction of a time clock. (Forsey, 279)

1902 Eaton’s compositors, pressmen and bindery girls (discharged for refusing to handle hot work) in Toronto struck because employer refused to follow union rules. (Forsey, 205)

1906 Members of Canadian printers’ unions struck for an eight-hour day. (Logan, 107)

1916 Members of the International Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers struck one year into a three-year contract to protest the provisions of the contract. (Fudge and Tucker, 94)

1918 West Coast longshoremen held general strike in shipyards. (Phillips, 72)

1921 Female textile workers in Stratford struck over unhygienic conditions and lack of pay equity. (Palmer, “Experience,” 238)

1921 Toronto members of the International Typgraphical Union stopped work for a 44- hour week, which had been promised them two years before. (Morton 128; Logan, 109-10)

1922 UMWA miners in Alberta struck after employer proposed to end the closed shop and dues checkoff. (Fudge and Tucker, 130)

1923 Waitresses in Calgary struck over unhygienic conditions and lack of pay equity.(Palmer, “Experience,” 238)

1924 Female cotton mill workers in Welland struck over unhygienic conditions and lack of pay equity. (Palmer, “Experience,” 238)

1924 Members of the UMWA at Besco in Cape Breton struck to protest heavy-handed tactics by the employer including cutting off food by closing the company store. (Fudge and Tucker, 129)

1926 Three thousand boot and shoe workers in Quebec City struck to protest inadequacy of arbitrated settlement. (Fudge and Tucker, 147-8)

1928 Female knitters in Hamilton struck over unhygienic conditions and lack of pay equity. (Palmer, “Experience,” 238)

1931 Saskatchewan miners organized in the Mine Workers Union of Canada struck over health and safety violations and poor conditions. (Fudge and Tucker, 168-70)

1931 International Union of Needle Trades Workers declared a general strike in Toronto. In the ensuing strike, union members challenged norms of picket line behaviour. (Fudge and Tucker, 181-2)

1934 ILGWU embers called an industry-wide general strike in Toronto. (Logan, 213)

1935 National Seamen’s Association struck to protest conditions, hours, and wages. (Logan 288)

1937 Members of the Rubber Workers Organizing Committee struck to protest discrimination against union members at the Viceroy’s Toronto plant and Kaufman’s Kitchener plant. (Logan, 268)

1937 Calgary AB meat packers organized in the Canadian Victuallers and Caterers Union stopped work and occupied the factory of United Packing to protest discrimination against the union, unfair treatment, and unsafe conditions. (Fudge and Tucker, 220)

1940 Dressmakers organized in the ILGWU struck to enforce the collectively bargained union contract. (Fudge and Tucker, 203)

1943 Loggers in District I of the IWA struck to protest discrimination against union members. (Phillips, 132-3)

1944 IWA struck at the Queen Charlotte Islands for union security. (Logan, 284)

1945 Packers at Toronto’s Canada Packers walked out to protest work speed up at end of the day, and union members who assisted management. (Logan 272-3)

1946 UAW at Ford’s Windsor plant struck to maintain union security. (Fudge and Tucker, 283; Logan 238)

1946-7 Vancouver Island woodworkers struck for union security. (McInnis, 101)

1955-6 United Autoworkers 148-day strike at GM in Ontario led to a national agreement, supplementary unemployment benefits, and some degree of job and income security. (Benedict, 241)

1960-1 Series of strikes by Toronto building labourers to protest lack of safeguards and enforcement of safeguards in building trade (Morton, 240).

1963 Kapuskasing members of the Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union struck (illegally) to protest delays in the resolution of their dispute with Spruce Falls Pulp and Paper Co. (Morton, 240)

1964-1972 Toronto members of the International Typographical Union struck against technological innovations that replaced jobs. (Morton, 240)

1883 Hamilton Policemen threatened to strike for shorter hours and fewer days but concessions granted so quickly due to their important place in society that they did not strike. (Forsey 331)

1874 St. John Riggers Association members walked out in sympathy with the Labourers’ Benevolent Association strike. (Forsey, 68, 72, 76)

1877 Quebec longshoremen from other companies struck in sympathy with Ouvriers de bord members at Allen Co. (Forsey, 82)

1883 Canadian Pacific Railway firemen struck for a week in sympathy with engineers.(Forsey, 184)

1893 Ottawa bricklayers refused to handle non-union materials in sympathy with building labourers strike. (Forsey 187, 200)

1899 Vancouver Boilermakers and Blacksmiths struck in sympathy with International Association of Machinists strike of CPR in West and Pacific regions for a variety of issues related to wages, hours and grievance procedures. (Forsey, 255)

1900 Vancouver Stevedores struck for six months when management insisted on taking over assignment of jobs. When the employer, Pacific Steamship Lines, brought in Japanese strikebreakers, Japanese members of the Canadian Pacific Freight Handlers Union struck in support of the Stevedores until strikebreakers withdrew. (Forsey, 340-1)

1900 Montreal shoe and boot makers struck for three and a half months in sympathy with other local footwear workers, who were striking to protest employer’s discrimination on the basis of union membership. (Jamieson, 82; Forsey, 374-6)

1901 Vancouver Boilermakers and Blacksmiths ordered out again in sympathy with IAM strike of CPR. Local Railway Carmen also out in sympathy. (Forsey 256)

1901 Victoria machinists struck in support of Seattle Machinists, Boilermakers and Molders when a vessel that striking Seattle workers would not work on was towed to Victoria to finish repairs. Victoria machinists, as yet unorganized, refused to work on the vessel. (Forsey, 256)

1901 Windsor Bricklay ers struck in sympathy with striking carpenters and joiners.(Forsey, 194)

1902 Members of other unions at Exhibition buildings and Polson’s shipyard refused tohandle “hot” products from Metallic Roofing Co., in sympathy with the Sheet Metal Workers strike. (Forsey, 273)

1902 Halifax coopers, and fish and coal handlers struck in sympathy with longshoremen. (Forsey, 277)

1900 Victoria telephone workers struck in sympathy with Vancouver telephone operators (members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers). (Forsey, 280)

1902 The Amalgamated Woodworkers International Union at Metallic Roofing in Toronto, ON, refused to handle “hot” goods in sympathy with striking workers elsewhere. (Fudge and Tucker, 19-20)

1903 Toronto construction workers struck in sympathy with other construction workers to create an industry-wide strike. (Jamieson, 81-2)

1904 Montreal construction workers struck in sympathy with other construction workers to create an industry-wide strike. (Jamieson, 81-2)

1904 Bricklayers stopped work in sympathy with striking Toronto Hod Carriers. (Logan, 92)

1906 Winnipeg construction workers strike in sympathy with other construction workers to create an industry-wide strike. (Jamieson, 81-2)

1908 Textile workers strike spreads to sympathy strikes throughout industry in Quebec. (Jamieson, 82)

1911 Vancouver construction workers strike in sympathy with other construction workers to create an industry-wide strike. (Jamieson, 81-2; Phillips, 51)

1915 Two sympathy strikes in support of fellow union members in the U.S.: one by papermakers in Donnacona and the other by Montreal ironworkers. (Ewen, 94)

1919 & 1920 ILGWU members in Toronto enacted an industry wide general strike over work conditions. (Logan, 212)

1921 Toronto bookbinders and printing pressmen struck for a few days in sympathy with ITU typographers, who were striking for a shorter workweek. (Logan, 110)

1922-3 Edmonton coal miners declare general strike in winter. (Fudge and Tucker, 130)

1923 Prince Rupert longshoremen with the International Longshoremen Association staged a short sympathy strike in support of fellow longshoremen on strike in Vancouver. (Phillips, 93)

1937 Nine thousand textile workers walked out in Montreal, PQ, which led to an industry wide, sympathetic walkout. The action was particularly felt in Montmorency, Sherbrooke, Magog, Drummondville, and Valleyfield. (Jamieson, 89)

______. “Political Protest and Withdrawal of Work Service in the History of the Canadian Labour Movement.” Unpublished paper, n.d.